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Cosa (chi) è G protein - definizione
G protein
![[[Phosducin]]- [[transducin]] beta-gamma complex. Beta and gamma subunits of G-protein are shown by blue and red, respectively.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1b9x opm.png?width=200 "[[Phosducin]]- [[transducin]] beta-gamma complex. Beta and gamma subunits of G-protein are shown by blue and red, respectively.")
![[[Guanosine diphosphate]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guanosindiphosphat protoniert.svg?width=200 "[[Guanosine diphosphate]]")
![[[Guanosine triphosphate]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guanosintriphosphat protoniert.svg?width=200 "[[Guanosine triphosphate]]")
TYPE OF PROTEINS
G-protein; G proteins; GTP-binding protein; G Proteins; G-proteins; Gtp-binding proteins; Gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, gs; Gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, gq-g11; Gtp-binding protein alpha subunit, gi2; Gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, gi-go; Gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, g12-g13; Gtp-binding protein alpha subunits; Stimulatory gs G-protein; Guanine nucleotide binding proteins; Guanine nucleotide binding protein; Beta g subunit; Ga subunit; Guanine-nucleotide binding protein; Guanosine nucleotide-binding proteins; G protein signaling; G-protein signaling
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to guanosine diphosphate (GDP).
G protein-coupled receptor
![PDB]] entry [https://web.archive.org/web/20180128134132/https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3SN6 3SN6]). The receptor is colored red, Gα green, Gβ cyan, and Gγ yellow. The C-terminus of Gα is located in a cavity created by an outward movement of the cytoplasmic parts of TM5 and 6.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Beta2Receptor-with-Gs.png?width=200 "PDB]] entry [https://web.archive.org/web/20180128134132/https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3SN6 3SN6]). The receptor is colored red, Gα green, Gβ cyan, and Gγ yellow. The C-terminus of Gα is located in a cavity created by an outward movement of the cytoplasmic parts of TM5 and 6.")
![Proposed downstream interactions between [[integrin]] signaling and GPCRs. Integrins are shown elevating Ca<sup>2+</sup> and phosphorylating FAK, which is weakening GPCR signaling.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GPCR and itegrin signaling diagram.png?width=200 "Proposed downstream interactions between [[integrin]] signaling and GPCRs. Integrins are shown elevating Ca<sup>2+</sup> and phosphorylating FAK, which is weakening GPCR signaling.")
LARGE PROTEIN FAMILY OF RECEPTORS THAT DETECT MOLECULES OUTSIDE THE CELL AND ACTIVATE INTERNAL SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS AND CELLULAR RESPONSES
G-protein coupled receptors; G-protein coupled receptor; 7TM receptor; G protein coupled receptor; GPCR; Heptahelical receptor; 7 transmembrane receptor; Seven transmembrane receptor; Seven-transmembrane protein; Seven transmembrane region; G-protein-coupled receptors; Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein-Coupled Receptor; 7TM Receptor; 7TM; G-protein-coupled receptor; Receptors, g-protein-coupled; 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled; G-protein coupled; G protein-coupled; 7 transmembrane; 7-transmembrane; G-protein linked receptors; G-protein coupled membrane receptors; G protein-coupled receptors; G-protein-coupled; Serpentine receptor; G protein coupled receptors; Gi coupled receptor; Seven transmembrane protein; 7-transmembrane receptor; Gpcr; Gpcrs; G protein–coupled receptor; GPCRs
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily-related proteins that are cell surface receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.
G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel
FAMILY OF LIPID-GATED INWARD-RECTIFIER POTASSIUM ION CHANNELS
G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels; GIRK; G protein coupled inward rectifier potassium channel; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel
The G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) are a family of lipid-gated inward-rectifier potassium ion channels which are activated (opened) by the signaling lipid PIP2 and a signal transduction cascade starting with ligand-stimulated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs in turn release activated G-protein βγ- subunits (Gβγ) from inactive heterotrimeric G protein complexes (Gαβγ).
